درس لغة انجليزيه 2

احفظ هذه الكلمات واجمعها
* A list of famous words borrowed from other languages and their plural form.
Complete the following providing the plural form:
Ending Singular Plural
Is es Crisis أزمة Crises
(Greek origin) Thesis موضوع Theses
Basis قاعدة Bases
Parenthesis أقواس __es
Oasis واحة
Synopsis تلخيص
Axis محور
Diagnosis تشخيص
Ellipsis حذف
Synthesis تجميع
Hypothesis فرضية
On a (Greek origin) Criterion اساس تقييم Criteria
Phenomenon ظاهرة
Um a (Latin) Datum معطية Data
Bacterium باكتريا Bacteria
Medium وسيط
Us I (Latin) Radius نصف القطر Radii
Alumnus عضو أصيل Alumni
Stimulus مخفر
Fungus خطر
Focus بؤرة
However the English plural is used also “focuses”)
A ae (Latin) Alga طحلب Algae
Vita حياة Vitae
Formula تكوين Formulae
(often has the English form "formulas”)
Ex ices (Latin) Index فهرس Indices
(when it refers to parts of a book, it is indexes)
Ix ices (Latin) Appendix زائدة Appendices

Exercises 7


Underline the correct answers:


1. Everybody must bring (his / their) own book.

2. Each candidate (is / are) going to be asked three questions.


3. Our team as well as theirs (is / are) required to come before 5 o'clock.

4. Someone (are / is) at the door.

5. One of my classmates (is / are) coming to pick me up in an hour.

6. Playing sports (is / are) very important.

7. She thinks that the television series (is / are) very interesting.

8. Walking for four miles (was / were) tiring.

9. Both Hoda and Mona (is / are) my friends.

10. (Are / is) the trousers suitable for you?

11. Economics (was / were) the easiest subject for me.

12. None of the students (have/ has) failed the exam.

13. All of the new buildings (was / were) painted.

14. Two thousand pounds (were / was) stolen from Ahmed.

15. Six weeks (is / are) enough times to finish the course.

16. (Was / were) the police able to arrest the thief?

17. The deer (is / are) very fast.

18. She could not cut the paper because the scissors (wasn't / weren't) sharp enough.

19. All my money (is / are) spent for my children.
Articles الأدوات
. Definite and indefinite:
هناك نوعان من الأدوات للنكرة والمعرفة
The definite the (about singular and plural countable
and non- countable)
And indefinite a, an+ (singular countable)
no article + (plural countable)
عندما لا يكون هناك تحديد نضع (a).
e.g.:
- I bought a very nice jacket yesterday.
Book
Pen
عندما نحدد نضع the
But:
The jacket I bought yesterday was very expensive.
ويلاحظ أن وضعthe يكون عندما تكون هناك عبارة محددة لاسم بعده أو أن هناك جملة معينة.
e.g.:
The boy over there is my son.
With a big nose
Who came in the morning
وبعد ذلك هناك اصطلاحياً حالات تحفظ عن متي نضع the ـو لا نضعها.
1) عندما يكون هناك شيئ واحد منها في الدنيا.
e.g.:
The sky
The moon
The ground
The country
The countryside
تحفظ هذه الأسماء كما هي.
(2) With “the cinema”, “the theatre” and “the radio” but television without “the”
e.g.:
I watched this program on television.
3) لا نضع the مع أسماء الوجبات.
e.g.:
We had lunch with them yesterday.
4) مع الصفة لكي تعني كل أعضاء هذه المجموعة.
e.g.:
The rich should feel the suffering of the poor.
4) مع الجنسيات لتعني كل أبناء هذه البلد.
e.g.:
The Egyptians
The Sudanese
6) مع هذه الأسماء لكي تقول أننا نذهب إليها لغير الصفة التي أنشأت من أجلها.
With words like:
Prison college
Church university
Mosque school
Hospital
When you mean that you are in, or you go to, this place for the purpose for which it was established, you do not use “the” when you use it for another purpose you use “the”.
e.g.:
My son goes to school at 8 o’clock.
But:
I will go to the school to ask about my son.
7) مع بعض التعبيرات لا نستخدم "the".
e.g.:
Home – bed- work.
I want to go home.
He goes to bed at 9’oclock sharp.
مع أسماء العلم لا توضع أداة.
e.g.:
Mohammed
Ali
Egypt
Africa
9) However, idiomatically there are many proper nouns that should be preceded by “the”.
أسماء علم نضع معها اصطلاحياً the
e.g.:
1. Countries: words that include: republic, union, kingdom, state. .
e.g.:
The Soviet Union.
The United States
2. Names of islands:
e.g.:
The Canary Islands.
3. Regions:
e.g.:
The Middle East.
4. Mountains:
e.g.:
The Alps. The Rocky Mountains.
5. Names of oceans, seas, rivers, canals:
e.g.:
The Suez Canal
The River Nile
The Mediterranean
The Red Sea
10) أسماء أماكن بعينها يحتوي أسمها علي "of".
We use “the” before names of places, magazines, or buildings especially those that contain “of” in their names.
e.g.:
I went to the Opera House yesterday.
I was impressed by the Statue of Ramses.
I liked the Tower of London.

Exercise 8
Insert the suitable article (a/ an/ the) where necessary:
1. Did …….teacher explain …..lesson yesterday?
2. Our neighbour have ……very nice house with ……big garden.
3. Aly is not feeling well. He will see….doctor.
4. We all read about …..accident in …….papers.
5. As they were walking along…..street, they saw….book on …..pavement.
6. Are you going to watch ….television this evening ?
7. Last week we went to……cinema and watched ….very nice movie.
8. Ahmed likes to have …..dinner in ….restaurant in front of our house.
9. What is ….longest river in……world?
10. Mona plays …..guitar very well.
11. Three of ………..biggest problems that may face ….society are ….crime, …..terrorism and…..unemployment.
12. Do you prefer….tea or …..coffee?
13. William Shakespeare is considered… excellent dramatist.
14.Naglaa was looking for ….job. Did she find ….job she wanted?
15. They used to live in ….house near ….bus station.
16. Farida had ….toothache, so she made …..appointment with …..dentist.
17……….English like to drink…..tea at 5 o'clock.
الأسماء المعدودة واللا معدودة.
2. Countable and uncountable Irregular Cases:
Make sure that you know whether the noun is plural or singular countable or non- countable to be able to use the indefinite article correctly. Remember you cannot use
(a, an, or the plural form) with uncountable nouns.
Confused countable and uncountable nouns:
هناك اسماء لا تعتبر معدودة في الأنجليزية مع أننا في العربية نستخدمها علي أنها معدودة وعلي هذا تعتبر كلها مفردة.
1. The following are considered uncountable though in Arabic they are countable:
Accommodation اقامة Luggage متاع
Advice نصحية News اخبار
Baggage متاع Permission سماح
Behavior تصرف scenery منظر
Bread خبز Traffic مرور
Chaos فوضي Weather جو
Furniture اثاث Trouble مشكلة
Information معلومات Work عمل
2. In addition to all abstract nouns:
كل الأسماء الدالة علي غير المحسوس.
e.g.:
Progress.
Trouble
Criticism
Imagination
بعض التمرينات علي استخدام الكلمات اصطلاحياً:
1. Give the opposites of the following adjectives:
1. Sharp حاد 11. Permanent دائم
2. Single مفرد 12. courageous شجاع
3. Ancient قديم 13. Human إنسان
4. Drunk سكران 14. rash متهور
5. Deep عميق 15. pure صافي
6. Abundant متوفر 16. plump ممتلئ الجسم
7. Slovenly مهمل 17. benign حميد
8. Upper الأعلي 18. Steep شديد الأنحدار
9. Modest متواضع 19. callous صلب- قاس
10. Crooked ملتو- مخادع 20. exotic غريب

1. blunt غير حاد
2. double / married مزدوج
3. new / modern متزوج
4. sober هادئ- غير سكران
5. shallow ضحل
6. scarce نادر
7. perfect – tidy كامل - رتب
8. lower الأدني
9. haughty متعالي
10. straightforward مستقيم
11. intermittent/ transient / temporary متقطع- وقتي- غير دائم
12. cowardly جبان
13. inhuman غير انساني
14. wise حكيم
15. impure غير صاف
16. Slim - thin رفيع- رشيق
17. malignant / unkind خبيث- غير جنون
18. paved ممهد
19. kind – hearted حنون – قلبه طيب
20. normal - usual عادي- طبيعي

2.Give a single adjective to replace the underlined phrases:
1- This student is lazy and without any backbone.
هذا الطالب كسلان وضعيف.
2- These berries are fit to be eaten.
هذه الفاكهة محكم أكلها.
3- The workman was found to be unable to write his own name.
هذا العامل لا يستطيع كتبه اسمه.
4- She is rather inclined to look on the dark side of life.
هي معتادة علي النظر علي الجانب المظلم من الحياة.
5- His mother is very conscientious in all matters and pays careful attention to the smallest details
أمه ذات ضمير عال في كل شيئ وتهتم بشدة حتي بأصغر الأمور.
6- He is now gradually recovering from his illness.
هو الآن يتعافي من مرضه بالتدريج
7- The poem was of unknown authorship.
هذه القصيدة غير معروفة الكاتب.

8- She strikes me as being very fond of herself.
هي تدهشني علي أنها شغوفة بنفسها.
9- She spoke so softly that her voice was scarcely able to be heard.
تتحدث بهدوء حتي أن صوتها لا يكاد يسمع.
1. spineless / strengthless بلا عزيمة/ بلا قوة
2. edible يمكن أكله
3. illiterate امي – جاهل بالقراءة والكتابة
4. pessimistic متشائم
5. fastidious مدقق وصعب أرضاءه
6. convalescent في فترة النقاهة
7. was anonymous مجهول الكاتب
8. as egoistic/ selfish / self - centred أناني
9. a narcissist نرجسي
10. audible مسموع
Exercise 3
Supply the correct form of the verb “do” or “make” in the following:
1. Always – your duty and try to – the best of a bad job.
- Always do your duty and try to make the best of a bad job.
2. Please – me a favour and – out this room before mother comes home.
- Please do me a favour and do out this room before Mother comes home.
3. That loquacious friend of yours- a great mistake in- such a long speech yesterday.
- That loquacious friend of yours made a great mistake in making such a long speech yesterday.
4. This medicine will- you good and – you feel better very soon.
- This medicine will do you good and make you feel better very soon.
5. Why do you- such a fuss of that child? It- me sick to see anyone so spoilt.
- Why do you make such a fuss of a child? It makes me sick to see anyone so spoilt.
6. Last year we- business with that firm and – a large profit – this year we’ve - a loss.
- Last year we did business with that firm and made a large profit this year we have made a loss.
7. Can you – use of these books? Yes I’ll - room for them in my study.
- Can you make use of these books? Yes I'll make room for them in my study.
8. They are – fun of him : look at those dreadful grimaces they are – behind his back.
- They are making fun of him: look at those dreadful grimaces they are making behind his back.
9. You’re – a mess of that pudding. Let’s – an experiment and put some of this chocolate in it. Not too much! That’ll do!.
- You 're making a mess of that pudding. Let's make an experiment and put some of this chocolate in it. Not too much ! That will do
10. If you – too much all the time you’ll never – old bones.
- If you make too much all the time you will never make all bones.
11. I am determined to – my best and – a success of my career.
- I'm determined to do my best and make a success of my career.
12. If you’ve quarreled, do – haste and – it up.
- If you have quarreled, do make hast and make it up.
13. He – me a present of his medal.
- He made me a present of his medal.
14. She – her living by – for several lodgers in her house.
- She makes her living by doing for several lodgers in her house.
15. He – a will – over all his property to his stepson.
- He made a will making over all his property to his stepson.
16. You can – the shopping while I – the beds. Won’t you agree?
- You can do the shopping while I'm making the beds. Won't you agree?
17. Be quite! You’re – a noise fit to wake the dead.
- Be quiet ! You are making a noise fit to wake the dead.
18. Who told you to – free with my books? You really do- me cross.
- Who told you to make free with my books? You really do make me cross.
19. Is this enough sugar to – the cake properly?
- Is this enough sugar to make the cake properly?
Exercise 4
Give the opposites of the following verbs:
Shorten يقصر Repel يصد - يقاوم
Admire يعجب Acknowledge يعترف
Hinder يعرقل Yield يتنازل- يخضع
Disclose يكشف Bless يبارك
Nourish يغذي Reprove يوبخ
Praise يمدح Increase يزيد
The answer
1. stretch / prolong/ lengthen يطيل
2. scorn / despise يحتقر
3. soothe / clam يهدئ
4. facilitate, encourage, push يسهل- يشجع
5. conceal – hide يخفي
6. obey يطيع
7. to deny – to be ungrateful يذكر – ينكر الجميل
8. defy – disobey يتحدي- يعصي امر
9. curse يلعن
10. praise يمدح
11. approve يوافق
12. condemn يدين
13. imprison يسجن
14. decrease يقلل

Exercise 5
Give a single adverb to replace the underlined phrases:
1. The two guns were fired at exactly the same moment.
انطلقت البندقيتان في نفس الوقت.
2. He made the offer of his own accord and without any prompting.
قدم هو العرض من نفسه وبدون أى ضغوط
3. She broke the glass on purpose.
لقد كسرت الكوب عن قصد
4. He acted in an imprudent manner and without due consideration.
لقد تصرف تصرفا متهورا دون أدنى مراعاة
5. He always comes in good time.
دائماً يأتي في وقت مناسب
6. She gives away her money without stint.
دائماً يعطي بلا بخل
7. It is not exactly but more or less six miles from here.
ليس بالضبط و لكن بالتقريب.
8. They are staying there not permanently but just for a certain time.
إنهم سيمكثون هنا ليس دائماً ولكن لوقت معين.
9. He ate the meat in a voracious and gluttonous manner.
إنه يأكل بنهم شديد.
حل تمرين 5:
1. simultaneously متزامناً
2. willingly برضا
3. deliberately يعمد- معتمداً
4. rashly متهور
5. punctually يانضباط في الوقت
6. generously يكرم
7. approximately بالتقريب
8. temporarily بشكل مؤقت
9. omnivorously بنهم

Prepositions

واااااو

معلومات قيمة جدا جدا جدا ومفيدة

ميرسى ستار بس ايه كل الدروس دى

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